Getting to know the Unwelcome Tenants: America’s Most Common Pests
The United States is home to a diverse range of pests that can be both a nuisance and a threat. Every homeowner, renter, or occasional visitor has faced them: the uninvited guests that scuttle, buzz, and sometimes even bite. Whether it’s the wood-devouring habits of termites, the itchy aftermath of a mosquito bite, or the unsettling scurry of a rodent in the dark, these creatures have cemented their reputation in households across the nation. At Home Pros’ Bug Pro Chelle Hartzer breaks down the list of her top 10 and what homeowners should know.
Ants
There are around 700 species of ants in the US. The biggest challenge with ants is they are social insects: they form colonies with workers and reproductive. Those workers are performing multiple roles and most people will see them foraging for food. It is estimated that only about 20% of the ant colony will be outside looking for and gathering food. To successfully eliminate ant issues, the colony must be found and eliminated, not just the workers outside. Otherwise, the colony replaces those workers and continues on.
- Carpenter ants are especially problematic because they nest in moist wood. While they don’t eat the wood as termites do, they chew out galleries and can create structural damage.
- Fire ants both bite and sting. They can form large colonies outside. If those colonies are disturbed, they come out in mass to defend the nest and people can have significant reactions to their stings.
- Odorous house ants are one of the most common ants found in homes. If they are crushed, the smell has been likened to blue cheese. They can get into wall voids and other areas hard to access and treat.
Termites
Termites are another insect that forms large, often hidden colonies. These consume wood and create galleries and tunnels in the wood. They can often go undetected for years, causing large amounts of structural damage. Homeowners will notice termites when they swarm: the colony produces winged reproductives that leave the colony in massive numbers all at once. They will be seen around lights in the evening and will be seen dead on windowsills and other areas where they have gotten in from the outside. Most will be eaten by predators, die before mating, or not be able to find suitable nesting sites. All it takes is just a couple to survive though.
- Subterranean termites, as the name suggests, are nesting in the ground. They forage for wood on and in the ground. These will form mud tubes to get them from the ground level up to wood material in homes.
- Drywood termites are nesting in homes. They may be in wall voids, attics, under floors, and nearly anywhere there is wood.
Rodents
You would think rodents would be relatively easy to see because they are much bigger than the common insect pests. However, they are small, sneaky, and mostly nocturnal. People often don’t notice rodents until they see the secondary evidence they leave behind. That may be gnaw marks, damaged packaging, spilled foods, and droppings. Rodents will feed on just about anything available to them. The common items are stored foods, dropped or spilled food, and trash. They will also take advantage of pet foods, birdseed, and plant material.
- Norway rats are found across the country and they burrow in the ground. When inside, they will find any protected areas to nest in.
- Roof rats like to nest up high and are found in the southern half of the US and in coastal cities. They are fantastic climbers and will avoid coming to the ground if they can.
- House mice are also found all over the US. These will nest almost anywhere and collect small soft items to line their nest with.
Cockroaches
Cockroaches, like rodents, will eat nearly anything they have access to. Being small, even small bits of dropped food is plenty for them to thrive on. While cockroaches don’t form social colonies like ants and termites, they will gather in warm protected areas. The immature stages (nymphs) rarely leave their harborage because they will feed off the little bits of food stuck to the adults and will feed off the excretions and droppings of them as well. Large infestations of cockroaches can aggravate allergies and can spread food-borne pathogens.
- American cockroaches are large and prefer high moisture areas. These are commonly found in sewers, boiler rooms, and close to water pipes.
- German cockroaches are smaller and common in kitchens and drains. They develop faster than American cockroaches, sometimes in as little as two months if conditions are favorable.
Mosquitoes
Mosquitoes are problematic because there are so many diseases and parasites they carry that can affect people. One of the biggest is malaria which kills around one million people every year. They are hard to control because the immature stages all live in water while the adults are out flying around. Both areas must be addressed for adequate control. Only females bite for a blood meal that they need for egg development. Males feed on nectar and sweet liquids. Homeowners should also wear a CDC approved insect repellent when outdoors.
- Common house mosquitoes can spread West Nile virus. Outbreaks vary year to year, in 2003 there were nearly 10,000 human cases.
- The yellow fever mosquito can also spread dengue which infected almost 1,200 people in the US. Worldwide, up to 400 million people are infected by dengue and about 40,000 die from severe cases.
- The Asian tiger mosquito is one species that vectors the dog heartworm parasite. If left untreated, it is fatal in dogs.
Bed bugs
Bed bugs feed exclusively on people. All stages and both males and females are out for our blood. They don’t live on people, after biting, they crawl to a nearby hiding place to digest their meal. While they are often found on beds, they can also be found anywhere people spend a lot of time. They can be on sofas, chairs, and even electronics. They are attracted to heat, carbon dioxide, and body smells.
Bed bugs are small, adults are often compared to the size and color of an apple seed. They are mostly nocturnal which is the time most people are stationary. They will bite exposed skin which is why marks are often found around the wrists, neckline, and ankles. Bed bugs do not fly or jump and adults can live around a year. One good thing: bed bugs have not been found to transmit any diseases to people.
Spiders
There are about 3,500 species of spiders in the US. Spiders differ from insects in that they have eight legs (insects have six) and two body parts (insects have two). While all spiders are venomous, very few species are even potentially hazardous to people. All spiders spin webs, but how it is used differs by species. While some will build big pretty webs to catch food, others will line a burrow with web. Spiders are very beneficial because they eat lots of insects, particularly pest species. Spiders can enter homes through poorly sealed doors, windows, and other entry points.
- Wolf spiders are common spiders found outside that occasionally wander in. These are large spiders and are known for carrying the newly hatched spiderlings on their back for a few weeks until they mature.
- Jumping spiders are small though many species are brilliantly colored. As the name suggests, they are great jumpers and can take down prey insects many times their size.
- House spiders are a spider typically seen inside by people. They like to build messy webs in corners, under cabinets and shelves, and other rarely disturbed locations.
Wasps
When most people think of wasps, they think of the colony building species. Those are typically the species of concern since they can impact people and of course, sting! Unlike other social insects like ants and termites, these colonies only last for one season. A new queen starts the colony in spring, workers hatch and take over colony duties, and in autumn, new queens are produced to overwinter and the rest of the individual wasps die. Stings can be painful and wasps do not lose their stingers so they can sting multiple times. There are many more species of solitary wasps.
- Paper wasps are sometimes called umbrella wasps because their paper nests are open at the bottom, giving it the appearance of being an open umbrella. The nests are often started under eaves which puts them very near to people.
- European hornets build large, totally enclosed nests for their colony. They can be seen in trees, on the sides of homes, and other partially sheltered locations.
- Cicada killers are a solitary wasp and their large size can frighten people. They dig small burrows in the ground and lay a single egg in each. These wasps rarely sting people.
Ticks
Ticks are a large concern due to the diseases they vector. What makes them particularly challenging to control is their two-year life cycle. A multi-year strategy must be employed. Ticks having a long development period also means they will feed on different host animals. First stage ticks will feed on small mammals, reptiles, and birds. As they get to adulthood, they can feed on larger mammals and humans. Ticks around homes are often found in the zone where the manicured lawn meets more overgrown, wild vegetation. People should wear a CDC approved repellent and visit the veterinarian for preventative treatments for dogs.
- Black legged ticks are found all through the eastern US and can transmit Lyme disease. It affects up to 400,000 people per year and can have lifelong effects.
- Lone star ticks are mostly in the southeastern US from Texas up through Iowa and New York. Bites may trigger a reaction called Alpha-gal syndrome which is a severe allergy to red meat.
- American dog ticks are present throughout the eastern half of the US. These can transmit Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Left untreated, severe cases can result in amputations due to damaged blood vessels.
Flies
Large flies can often enter homes through openings in screens and vents, but the larvae are feeding and developing on material outside. Because that is some type of dead and decaying material, the bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens can be picked up by adults. Then when they land on the kitchen counter, they can drop that contaminated matter. Small flies are often found inside the home in drains, around leaking pipes, and other areas with moist, decomposing material. These too have been shown to transfer food-borne pathogens and infestations can be very annoying.
- House flies are considered a large fly and adults will lay their eggs in all kinds of decomposing matter. Garbage bins, compost piles, and fallen fruits from trees are all likely sources.
- Fruit flies are common in kitchens because fruits and vegetables are often stored there. These are particularly fond of potatoes and onions.
- Fungus gnats are also found in homes and are feeding on fungus in overwatered potted plants. While most people will refer to any small fly as a “gnat”, it is not technically correct.
Finding a specialist for Common Pests
Whether you find Termites have gotten in your home, or its ants, wasps or some other peasky intruder, it can be aggravating as a homeowner. The good news is that they can be easily controlled with help from a trained pest professional. If you are concerned about pest control services for your home, give At Home Pros a call, no matter the pest. At Home Pros can connect you to the top-rated home service providers in the area, no matter where you live in the United States.